Lauren Coffield running in Santa Barbara, California / f/5.6, ISO 200, 1/1000 second, 17-35mm/2.8 lens
Last week I gave a one-hour presentation for
the good folks at SanDisk, the maker of the flash memory cards I use in
all my cameras, in their brand-new auditorium in Milpitas. I spoke about
how the worlds of still photography and
video are converging, and the future of visual storytelling has never
been brighter. After the presentation, one of the employees of SanDisk
approached me with a very direct question, one that caught me a little
off guard.
“How do I make great pictures?” she asked.
It was a flattering thing to be asked, and at first I wasn’t sure how to
give a decent answer. I found myself reciting the fundamentals, the
stuff that you learn in photography 101, namely that a good photograph
is made up of three things: Composition, Light and Timing.
First, composition: think about how you want to frame your subject in
order to create the most interesting image. The often-cited guideline is
the “Rule of Thirds,” in which you imagine your image as being divided
into nine equal parts by two equally-spaced horizontal lines and two
equally-spaced vertical lines. Then, you compose your image so that your
subject is placed along these lines or at those intersections—as
opposed to dead center. This creates photographs with more tension,
energy and drama.
Second, light: Where is the light source
coming from, and what is its quality? After evaluating the quality of
light and its source, you go through a thought process that might
involve simply tweaking your ISO, aperture and shutter speed, to using
reflectors or flashes to create the lighting effect that will best bring
out the elements and details most important to your photograph.
Third, timing. The Moment. When do you press that shutter? A second too
early or too late might mean that you miss that perfect expression in
your portrait, or that crazy moment of action. Timing is everything.
But these are tips for making good pictures. This employee at SanDisk
wanted to know how to make great pictures. And the more I thought about
it, I realized that there’s a fourth element that many great photos all
seem to share. That is, the element of surprise. The Unexpected.
Serendipity.
One photo came to mind as being illustrative of
having these four elements, and it was this running photograph I took a
few years ago during a catalog shoot for Road Runner Sports. The
composition is the classic Rule of Thirds, with the horizon of the ocean
in the upper third, and my running subject placed along the lower
third. The rising sun over the Pacific adds a really nice dramatic
element, but its position behind the runner meant we needed to use
reflectors to fill in the shadows and illuminate our subject so she
really pops. Then, there’s the timing of freezing her stride right when
her pose is most active and energized because both feet are off the
ground.
But what makes this shot better than average (I cringe
to call my own work “great”), are the two stand-up paddle boarders who
just so happened to drift into the shot and frame themselves perfectly
around the sunlight reflecting off the ocean. This little detail, this
little serendipitous occurrence, was a gift that I couldn’t have
scripted. But this kind of stuff happens all the time, and what I’ve
learned is that to get that rare Fourth Element in your photos, you have
to just keep shooting. Don’t put the camera down.
Also, be open to
the Fourth Element. For example, I could’ve stopped the shoot and
waited for those paddle-boarders to paddle out of view. But instead, I
went with it. And once I got back to the computer, and saw the final
product, I’m really happy I did.

